Wisdom teeth—your third molars—are the last set of teeth to emerge, typically between the ages of 17 and 25. While some people have enough space for their wisdom teeth to grow in properly, many experience impaction, where the teeth get trapped under the gums or push against neighboring teeth. If impacted wisdom teeth are left untreated, they can lead to a range of complications that go beyond simple discomfort. Let’s take a closer look at what can happen if these troublesome teeth aren’t removed.

1. Pain and Persistent Discomfort

One of the most obvious consequences of impacted wisdom teeth is ongoing pain. As they try to break through the gums, they can cause swelling, soreness, and tenderness in the jaw. In some cases, the pain might come and go, but for others, it can become a constant source of discomfort that affects daily activities like eating and speaking.

2. Infections and Gum Disease

Partially erupted wisdom teeth create the perfect hiding spot for food debris and bacteria, making them difficult to clean properly. This can lead to pericoronitis, a painful infection that causes gum inflammation, swelling, and pus formation. If left untreated, the infection can spread to other areas of the mouth or even into the bloodstream, leading to serious health risks.

3. Cysts and Tumors in the Jaw

Impacted wisdom teeth can sometimes develop cysts, which are fluid-filled sacs that form around the tooth. Over time, these cysts can grow and cause damage to the jawbone, nearby teeth, and even nerves. In rare cases, untreated cysts may develop into benign tumors, requiring more extensive surgical intervention.

4. Damage to Adjacent Teeth

When wisdom teeth grow at an angle, they often push against the second molars, causing tooth crowding and misalignment. The pressure can also weaken the enamel of adjacent teeth, making them more prone to cavities and decay. This can undo years of orthodontic work or create the need for additional dental treatments.

5. Increased Risk of Cavities

Because impacted wisdom teeth are often difficult to reach with a toothbrush and floss, they can become a breeding ground for plaque buildup and bacteria. Over time, this can lead to decay not only in the wisdom teeth themselves but also in the surrounding molars. Since these cavities develop in hard-to-reach areas, treatment may be more complicated and require extensive dental work.

6. Jaw Stiffness and TMJ Issues

Impacted wisdom teeth can contribute to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, causing jaw stiffness, clicking sounds, and discomfort when chewing or speaking. The pressure from impacted teeth can also lead to tension headaches and pain that radiates toward the ears and neck.

7. Sinus Problems (For Upper Wisdom Teeth)

The roots of upper wisdom teeth are located close to the maxillary sinuses. If these teeth become impacted, they can push against the sinuses, leading to pressure, congestion, sinus infections, and even chronic headaches. This is especially common in cases where the wisdom teeth are growing at an angle toward the sinus cavity.

When Should You See a Dentist?

Not all wisdom teeth need to be removed, but if you experience any of the following symptoms, it’s time to see a dentist:

• Persistent pain or swelling at the back of the mouth
• Difficulty opening your jaw or chewing
• Bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth
• Gum inflammation or signs of infection
• Shifting teeth or new crowding in your smile

Final Thoughts

Ignoring impacted wisdom teeth can lead to long-term dental and health complications. While not everyone needs extraction, regular dental check-ups and X-rays will help determine whether your wisdom teeth are a ticking time bomb or safe to keep. If removal is recommended, it’s best to act sooner rather than later to prevent further problems.

Concerned about your wisdom teeth? Schedule a consultation with your dentist to discuss the best course of action for your oral health!